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DHCP MIKROTIK

RB941 hAP LITE - DHCP SERVER & CLIENT LENGKAP

Panduan mendalam implementasi DHCP Server dan DHCP Client pada MikroTik RB941. DHCP Client untuk mendapatkan IP dari ISP, DHCP Server untuk memberikan IP ke client LAN. Konfigurasi dual: CLI (Terminal) & WinBox (GUI).

01 SPEK HARDWARE 02 KONSEP DHCP 03 TOPOLOGI 04 ANIMASI DHCP 05 SETUP BASIC 06 DHCP CLIENT 07 DHCP SERVER 08 DHCP ADVANCED 09 DHCP RELAY 10 MONITORING 11 TROUBLESHOOT 12 BEST PRACTICE 13 CHEATSHEET 14 SOSMED

SPESIFIKASI HARDWARE RB941-2nD

RB941 hAP lite dengan kemampuan DHCP Server dan DHCP Client. Cocok untuk jaringan rumah/kantor kecil dengan 10-20 client. Support DHCP relay untuk network yang lebih kompleks.

CPU

AR9344 - 650MHz

RAM

32 MB DDR2

STORAGE

16 MB FLASH

ETHERNET

4x 10/100 Mbps

DHCP SERVER

Built-in

DHCP CLIENT

Built-in

DHCP RELAY

Supported

CLIENT MAX

~50-100 leases

POWER

5V DC / USB

RouterOS v6 L4

DIMENSI

113 x 89 x 28mm

BERAT

160 gram

KEMAMPUAN DHCP: RB941 support DHCP Server untuk memberikan IP ke client LAN, DHCP Client untuk mendapatkan IP dari ISP, dan DHCP Relay untuk relay DHCP request ke server lain.

KONSEP DHCP (DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL) FUNDAMENTAL

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) adalah protokol yang digunakan untuk memberikan konfigurasi IP address secara otomatis ke client. DHCP menghilangkan kebutuhan untuk konfigurasi IP manual.

KOMPONEN DHCP

DHCP SERVER

Server yang memberikan IP address dan konfigurasi network kepada client. Router MikroTik bisa berfungsi sebagai DHCP Server.

DHCP CLIENT

Client yang meminta IP address dari DHCP Server. PC, laptop, smartphone adalah DHCP Client.

DHCP RELAY

Relay yang meneruskan DHCP request dari client ke DHCP Server di network lain. Digunakan untuk network yang kompleks.

DHCP POOL

Pool alamat IP yang tersedia untuk diberikan kepada client. Pool menentukan range IP yang bisa diberikan.

PROSES DHCP (DORA)

STEP	PROSES	DESKRIPSI
D	DISCOVER	Client broadcast mencari DHCP Server
O	OFFER	DHCP Server menawarkan IP address
R	REQUEST	Client meminta IP yang ditawarkan
A	ACKNOWLEDGE	DHCP Server mengkonfirmasi dan memberikan IP

DHCP OPTIONS

OPTION	DESKRIPSI	CONTOH
`Router (Gateway)`	Gateway default	192.168.10.1
`DNS Server`	DNS server	8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4
`Domain Name`	Domain name	rumah.local
`Lease Time`	Durasi lease	10m, 1h, 1d

PENTING: DHCP hanya memberikan IP address. Konfigurasi lain seperti DNS, gateway, domain name diberikan melalui DHCP Options.

TOPOLOGI DHCP SCHEMA

DHCP WORKING: Router sebagai DHCP Client mendapatkan IP dari ISP, kemudian sebagai DHCP Server memberikan IP ke client LAN. Proses DORA (Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge) terjadi otomatis.

ANIMASI DHCP PROCESS LIVE FLOW

Visualisasi proses DHCP DORA (Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge). Client broadcast DISCOVER, router respond dengan OFFER, client REQUEST, router ACKNOWLEDGE.

DHCP Process

DHCP DORA: DISCOVER (client mencari server) -> OFFER (server menawarkan IP) -> REQUEST (client meminta IP) -> ACKNOWLEDGE (server mengkonfirmasi). Proses ini terjadi otomatis dalam hitungan detik.

SETUP BASIC ROUTER STEP 01

Setup basic router sebelum konfigurasi DHCP: identity, interface, IP address.

VIA CLI

# 1. Set identity [admin@MikroTik] > /system identity set name="DHCP-ROUTER" # 2. Rename interface [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /interface set ether1 name="WAN" [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /interface set ether2 name="LAN1" [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /interface set ether3 name="LAN2" [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /interface set ether4 name="LAN3" # 3. Set IP address [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip address add address=192.168.10.1/24 interface=bridge # 4. Verifikasi [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip address print

VIA WINBOX

Menu: System -> Identity

Name: DHCP-ROUTER

Menu: Interfaces

Rename ether1 -> WAN

Rename ether2-4 -> LAN1-3

Menu: IP -> Addresses

+ Add: Address 192.168.10.1/24, Interface bridge

DHCP CLIENT CONFIGURATION STEP 02

Konfigurasi DHCP Client untuk mendapatkan IP address dari ISP di interface WAN.

VIA CLI

# 1. Add DHCP Client [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-client add interface=WAN disabled=no use-peer-dns=yes use-peer-ntp=yes add-default-route=yes # 2. Verifikasi status [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-client print # INTERFACE STATUS ADDRESS 0 WAN bound 10.10.10.5/24 # 3. Cek detail [admin@L7-GATEWAY] > /ip dhcp-client print detail # interface=WAN status=bound address=10.10.10.5/24 gateway=10.10.10.1 dns-server=8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4 # 4. Release dan renew [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-client release [find interface=WAN] [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-client renew [find interface=WAN]

VIA WINBOX

Menu: IP -> DHCP Client

+ Add

Interface: WAN

Add Default Route: yes

Use Peer DNS: yes

Use Peer NTP: yes

Disabled: no

Klik OK

Status harus bound

PARAMETER DHCP CLIENT

PARAMETER	FUNGSI	REKOMENDASI
`interface`	Interface untuk DHCP	WAN
`add-default-route`	Tambah default route	yes
`use-peer-dns`	Gunakan DNS dari ISP	yes
`use-peer-ntp`	Gunakan NTP dari ISP	yes
`disabled`	Disable/enable	no

TIPS: Status bound berarti DHCP Client berhasil mendapatkan IP dari ISP. Jika status searching atau requesting, cek koneksi ke ISP.

DHCP SERVER CONFIGURATION STEP 03

Konfigurasi DHCP Server untuk memberikan IP address ke client di jaringan LAN.

VIA CLI

# 1. Buat IP Pool [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip pool add name="dhcp-pool" ranges=192.168.10.100-192.168.10.200 # 2. Buat DHCP Server [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-server add name="dhcp-server" interface=bridge address-pool=dhcp-pool lease-time=10m authoritative=yes # 3. Buat DHCP Network [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-server network add address=192.168.10.0/24 gateway=192.168.10.1 dns-server=8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4 domain=rumah.local # 4. Verifikasi [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-server print # NAME INTERFACE ADDRESS-POOL LEASE-TIME 0 dhcp-server bridge dhcp-pool 10m [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-server network print # ADDRESS GATEWAY DNS-SERVER 0 192.168.10.0/24 192.168.10.1 8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4

VIA WINBOX

Menu: IP -> Pool

+ Add: Name dhcp-pool, Ranges 192.168.10.100-200

Menu: IP -> DHCP Server

DHCP Setup button

DHCP Server Interface: bridge

Address Space: 192.168.10.0/24

Address Pool: dhcp-pool

Gateway: 192.168.10.1

Lease Time: 10m

DNS Server: 8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4

PARAMETER DHCP SERVER

PARAMETER	FUNGSI	CONTOH
`name`	Nama DHCP Server	dhcp-server
`interface`	Interface untuk DHCP	bridge
`address-pool`	Pool IP address	dhcp-pool
`lease-time`	Durasi lease	10m, 1h, 1d
`authoritative`	Authoritative server	yes

PARAMETER DHCP NETWORK

PARAMETER	FUNGSI	CONTOH
`address`	Network address	192.168.10.0/24
`gateway`	Gateway address	192.168.10.1
`dns-server`	DNS server	8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4
`domain`	Domain name	rumah.local
`ntp-server`	NTP server	192.168.10.1

TIPS: Lease time menentukan berapa lama client bisa menggunakan IP. Lease time pendek (10m) untuk hotspot, lease time panjang (1d) untuk jaringan tetap.

DHCP SERVER ADVANCED STEP 04

Konfigurasi DHCP Server advanced: static lease, lease time, lease script.

STATIC LEASE

# Static lease untuk device tertentu [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-server lease add address=192.168.10.50 mac-address=A1:B2:C3:D4:E5:F6 server=dhcp-server comment="PC Kantor" # Static lease dengan lease time [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-server lease add address=192.168.10.51 mac-address=B2:C3:D4:E5:F6:01 server=dhcp-server lease-time=1d comment="Laptop" # Verifikasi [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-server lease print # ADDRESS MAC-ADDRESS SERVER STATUS 0 192.168.10.50 A1:B2:C3:D4:E5:F6 dhcp-server static 1 192.168.10.51 B2:C3:D4:E5:F6:01 dhcp-server static 2 192.168.10.100 C3:D4:E5:F6:01:02 dhcp-server bound

LEASE TIME

# Lease time untuk DHCP Server [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-server set dhcp-server lease-time=10m # Lease time format: # 10m = 10 menit # 1h = 1 jam # 1d = 1 hari # 1w = 1 minggu # 0s = infinite (tidak expire) # Lease time untuk static lease [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-server lease set [find address=192.168.10.50] lease-time=1d

LEASE SCRIPT

# Script saat lease diberikan [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-server set dhcp-server lease-script=":log info \"New lease: $leaseAddress\"" # Script saat lease expire [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-server set dhcp-server lease-script=":log info \"Lease expired: $leaseAddress\"" # Script variables: # $leaseAddress = IP address yang diberikan # $leaseMAC = MAC address client # $leaseServer = DHCP server name

TIPS: Static lease untuk device yang perlu IP tetap (server, printer). Lease script untuk logging atau automation saat lease diberikan atau expire.

DHCP RELAY CONFIGURATION STEP 05

Konfigurasi DHCP Relay untuk meneruskan DHCP request dari client ke DHCP Server di network lain.

VIA CLI

# 1. Add DHCP Relay [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-relay add interface=bridge relay=192.168.1.1 disabled=no # 2. Verifikasi [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-relay print # INTERFACE RELAY 0 bridge 192.168.1.1 # 3. Disable DHCP Server lokal [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-server set dhcp-server disabled=yes # 4. Verifikasi [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-server print

VIA WINBOX

Menu: IP -> DHCP Relay

+ Add

Interface: bridge

Relay: 192.168.1.1 (IP DHCP Server)

Disabled: no

Klik OK

Disable DHCP Server lokal

PARAMETER DHCP RELAY

PARAMETER	FUNGSI	CONTOH
`interface`	Interface untuk relay	bridge
`relay`	IP DHCP Server	192.168.1.1
`local-address`	Local address	0.0.0.0
`disabled`	Disable/enable	no

TIPS: DHCP Relay digunakan ketika DHCP Server ada di network lain. Router meneruskan DHCP request dari client ke DHCP Server. Disable DHCP Server lokal saat menggunakan DHCP Relay.

MONITORING DHCP STEP 06

Monitor DHCP Server dan DHCP Client untuk memastikan DHCP bekerja dengan baik.

VIA CLI

# 1. Monitor DHCP Server [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-server print # 2. Monitor DHCP Lease [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-server lease print # 3. Monitor DHCP Client [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-client print # 4. Monitor DHCP Relay [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-relay print # 5. Monitor DHCP Lease detail [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-server lease print detail # 6. Monitor DHCP Server stats [admin@DHCP-ROUTER] > /ip dhcp-server print stats

VIA WINBOX

Menu: IP -> DHCP Server

Tab DHCP Server: lihat server

Tab Lease: lihat lease aktif

Menu: IP -> DHCP Client

Lihat status DHCP Client

Menu: IP -> DHCP Relay

Lihat status DHCP Relay

METRIK MONITORING

METRIK	CARA CEK	KETERANGAN
DHCP Server	`/ip dhcp-server print`	Status DHCP Server
DHCP Lease	`/ip dhcp-server lease print`	Lease aktif
DHCP Client	`/ip dhcp-client print`	Status DHCP Client
DHCP Relay	`/ip dhcp-relay print`	Status DHCP Relay
Lease Detail	`/ip dhcp-server lease print detail`	Detail lease

TIPS: Monitor DHCP secara berkala. Cek lease aktif, lease expire, dan status DHCP Server/Client/Relay. Pastikan DHCP bekerja dengan baik.

TROUBLESHOOTING DHCP SUPPORT

Masalah umum DHCP dan solusinya.

CLIENT TIDAK DAPAT IP

KEMUNGKINAN PENYEBAB:

1. DHCP Server tidak aktif
2. DHCP Pool habis
3. Interface tidak di-assign ke DHCP Server
4. Network configuration salah
SOLUSI: Cek DHCP Server status. Cek pool usage. Cek interface assignment. Cek network configuration.

DHCP CLIENT TIDAK DAPAT IP DARI ISP

KEMUNGKINAN PENYEBAB:

1. Koneksi ke ISP tidak ada
2. DHCP Client tidak aktif
3. ISP DHCP Server tidak merespon
4. Interface salah
SOLUSI: Cek koneksi ke ISP. Cek DHCP Client status. Cek ISP. Cek interface assignment.

DHCP RELAY TIDAK BEKERJA

KEMUNGKINAN PENYEBAB:

1. DHCP Relay tidak aktif
2. DHCP Server IP salah
3. Koneksi ke DHCP Server tidak ada
4. DHCP Server lokal masih aktif
SOLUSI: Cek DHCP Relay status. Cek DHCP Server IP. Cek koneksi. Disable DHCP Server lokal.

LEASE EXPIRE TERLALU CEPAT

KEMUNGKINAN PENYEBAB:

1. Lease time terlalu pendek
2. Client tidak renew lease
3. Network problem
SOLUSI: Increase lease time. Cek client renewal. Cek network connectivity.

DIAGNOSTIC COMMANDS

# Monitor DHCP > /ip dhcp-server print > /ip dhcp-server lease print > /ip dhcp-client print > /ip dhcp-relay print # Release dan renew > /ip dhcp-client release [find interface=WAN] > /ip dhcp-client renew [find interface=WAN] # Monitor detail > /ip dhcp-server lease print detail > /ip dhcp-server print stats

BEST PRACTICE DHCP TIPS

USE APPROPRIATE LEASE TIME

Lease time pendek (10m) untuk hotspot, lease time panjang (1d) untuk jaringan tetap. Sesuaikan dengan kebutuhan.

USE STATIC LEASE

Static lease untuk device yang perlu IP tetap (server, printer). Static lease tidak expire.

MONITOR DHCP

Monitor DHCP secara berkala. Cek lease aktif, lease expire, dan status DHCP Server/Client/Relay.

USE DHCP RELAY

DHCP Relay untuk network yang kompleks. DHCP Server di network lain, relay meneruskan request.

DOCUMENT CONFIGURATION

Dokumentasikan DHCP configuration. Document pool, lease time, static lease, dan DHCP Relay.

TEST DHCP

Test DHCP configuration. Test DHCP Client, DHCP Server, dan DHCP Relay. Pastikan bekerja dengan baik.

USE APPROPRIATE POOL SIZE

Pool size sesuai dengan jumlah client. Pool terlalu kecil = client tidak dapat IP. Pool terlalu besar = waste IP.

MONITOR POOL USAGE

Monitor pool usage. Jika pool hampir habis, increase pool size atau decrease lease time.

DHCP CHEATSHEET QUICK REF

DHCP COMMANDS

# DHCP CLIENT > /ip dhcp-client add interface=WAN disabled=no use-peer-dns=yes use-peer-ntp=yes add-default-route=yes > /ip dhcp-client print > /ip dhcp-client release [find interface=WAN] > /ip dhcp-client renew [find interface=WAN] # DHCP SERVER > /ip pool add name=dhcp-pool ranges=192.168.10.100-200 > /ip dhcp-server add name=dhcp-server interface=bridge address-pool=dhcp-pool lease-time=10m authoritative=yes > /ip dhcp-server network add address=192.168.10.0/24 gateway=192.168.10.1 dns-server=8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4 # DHCP SERVER ADVANCED > /ip dhcp-server lease add address=192.168.10.50 mac-address=A1:B2:C3:D4:E5:F6 server=dhcp-server > /ip dhcp-server set dhcp-server lease-time=10m > /ip dhcp-server set dhcp-server lease-script=":log info \"New lease: $leaseAddress\"" # DHCP RELAY > /ip dhcp-relay add interface=bridge relay=192.168.1.1 disabled=no # MONITORING > /ip dhcp-server print > /ip dhcp-server lease print > /ip dhcp-client print > /ip dhcp-relay print > /ip dhcp-server lease print detail

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DHCP MIKROTIK

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